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Author guidelines
Preparing a manuscript that meets standard scientific requirements.
Author guidelines
How to structure a research manuscript
A conventional section-by-section layout that reviewers can follow.
Author guidelines
Writing an abstract that reviewers can assess
What an abstract must contain and the phrases that weaken it.
Author guidelines
References and citation style: getting them right
Why accurate referencing matters and how to apply a journal’s style consistently.
Author guidelines
Figures, tables and units in a scientific paper
Presenting data clearly, labelling correctly and avoiding duplication.
Author guidelines
Cover letter, declarations and ethics statements
Authorship, conflicts of interest, funding and ethical approval declarations.
Research integrity. Sound science rests on honest reporting, transparent methods and respect for ethical standards. Nothing on this site replaces the journal’s official instructions or the policies of your institution. When in doubt, confirm the current requirements with the editorial office and check the journal’s official pages.